Comparativo de microorganismos benéficos asociado a suelos de bosque nativo y plantación forestal de la Corporación Sumak Tarpuy, en cantón Colta, provincia de Chimborazo.

Abstract

The Sumak Tarpuy Corporation does not have information on the beneficial microorganisms present in the soils of its native forests and forest plantations, which generates a lack of knowledge about their beneficial properties and potential uses. In this context, the objective of this research was to isolate beneficial microorganisms from native forest and forest plantation soils of the Sumak Tarpuy corporation, located in the Colta canton of Chimborazo province. The methodology used combined qualitative and quantitative approaches and a single-factorial DCA experimental design was implemented. The microorganisms were isolated from soil samples using the serial dilution technique and fungal colonies were identified and described through the recording of colony characteristics in pure culture, as well as the observation under the microscope of mycelial structures, reproductive structures and/or spores to homologate and establish the family and/or genus to which the cultures obtained belong. Subsequently, scientific literature was used to identify those fungi with potential for biological control of diseases and pests. As a result, a total of 18 categories of fungi were isolated in the forest, the most common being Aspergillus spp, Colletotrichum spp, Lasiodiplodia spp and yeasts, and 12 categories of fungi in the forest plantation, the most common being Aspergillus piperis, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and yeasts. In addition, beneficial fungi or fungi with potential for biological control of diseases and pests were isolated, such as Metarhizium spp, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma spp. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrate that microbial diversity is higher in native forest than in forest plantation, which may have implications for the health of forest ecosystems, forest management and biodiversity conservation.