Relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la gestante y el índice ponderal del neonato, en el Hospital General Isidro Ayora, Loja, años 2020-2021.

Abstract

The aim was to determine the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women and the newborn weight index at the Isidro Ayora General Hospital. The type of research was descriptive and correlational with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design in a population of 174 pregnant mothers and their newborns at the Isidro Ayora General Hospital in Loja, years 2020-2021. Information was collected through the review of clinical histories and subsequently processed in the statistical package with descriptive analysis, and the InfoStat program was used to determine inferential statistics. The results show that most newborns with low PI were born to mothers with pre-eclampsia (48.4%). In establishing the relationship between neonatal PI and the nutritional status of the pregnant woman, it was found that regardless of the level of the weight index (PI), most of the mothers were overweight, followed by type I obesity; 49.1% of the neonates with normal PI, while 39.4% of the neonates with high PI and 51.6% of the neonates with low PI were born to overweight pregnant women. No association was found between different neonatal PI values and hyperglycaemia, alcoholism and smoking, as most of the pregnant women did not have these conditions. When the CR was related to both greater and less than 10 years, it was found that most of the newborns with normal and elevated PI, the pregnant women had undiagnosed cardiovascular risk (CR); however, for the newborns with altered PI, most of the pregnant women had moderately increased CR greater than ten years. We conclude that there is an association between cardiovascular risk factors in pregnant women and neonatal weight index, especially in those with a medical diagnosis such as pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension.