Elaboración de jabón a partir de aceite doméstico residual y cáscara de huevo

Abstract

The objective of this study consisted of the production of liquid soap from waste domestic oil and eggshell. It began with the collection and characterization of the eggshell to evaluate its physical, chemical and microbiological properties, followed by the obtaining of micro powders by mechanical and chemical methods, the chemicals for disinfection and elimination of salmonella and the physical ones such as grinding and sieving to obtain micro powders; then a microbiological analysis was carried out to detect the salmonella indicating its absence. The residual domestic oil was then subjected to a filtration process to remove impurities, then purified with 5% m/v brine to remove smaller particles, and finally bleached with a 5% v/v hydrogen peroxide solution. Both the residual and purified domestic oil were physically and chemically characterized. The purified oil showed 249 mg/g saponification index, 20 cg/g iodine index, 1.25 meq O2/Kg peroxide index and 0.19% fatty acids. To determine the optimum formulation, laboratory tests were carried out, taking 20.9 ml purified oil, for subsequent saponification reaction with a solution of 4.731 g potassium hydroxide at 20% m/v. It is concluded that the optimum formulation is the result from the mixture of soap paste 41.1 g, benzoate 0.17 g, betaine 0.514 g, glycerin 4.114 g, coloring 0.065 g, fragrance 0.824 g, water 122.42 ml, micro powder 0.25 g., to which the physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out in compliance with NTE INEN 850. It is recommended to test other methods in the purification and bleaching of waste oils in order to improve their properties.