Resistencia bacteriana y calidad microbiológica de jugos de fruta preparados en dos mercados de la ciudad de Riobamba

Abstract

The objective of this research project was to conduct a microbiological analysis of fruit juices sold in two markets in the city of Riobamba, in order to evaluate the bacterial resistance and microbiological quality of this beverage, to determine if it is within the parameters of microbiological compliance. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done. A total of 20 random samples were worked, in which four microbiological parameters were counted: Mesophilic Aerobes, Coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the presence/absence of Salmonella spp, following the methodology proposed in the relevant INEN Standards, in addition bacteria were isolated in selective culture media for subsequent biochemical identification with conventional techniques and API tests; The results obtained from the study show that 62.5% of the samples analyzed meet the microbiological criteria established in accordance with Peruvian standard NTS No. 071 - MINSA DIGESA-V0I-2008; however, the remaining 37.5% do not meet the acceptable microbiological criteria to be considered appropriate for human consumption, For this reason, training was provided on good hygiene practices to improve the sanitary quality of the product; a total of 12 microorganisms were isolated from the samples analyzed: Pseudomona pseudomallei, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter diversus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Hafnia alvei, Pantoea spp3, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Streptococcus grilpius D, S. epidermidis, S. aureus. Finally, the bacterial resistance of the isolated microorganisms was evaluated, determining within the enterobacteria, antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Clindamycin and Fosfomycin presented 100% resistance, 100% sensitivity to Tetracycline and an intermediate sensitivity of 66.66% to Clarithromycin; while for the cocci Gram (+), 100% resistance to Novobiocin and Methicillin and 100% sensitivity to Amikacin, showing that all the microorganisms analyzed presented multiresistance.