Estudio de la prevalencia de parasitosis mediante diferentes métodos de diagnóstico, en estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa 11 de Noviembre Riobamba

Abstract

The main objective of this research study was to focus on Parasitosis which is a globally prevalent pathology, affecting the most vulnerable groups, such as children. This condition compromises not only their nutritional status, but also impairs academic performance, therefore, determine the prevalence of parasitosis by different diagnostic methods in students of the Educational Unit November 11, Riobamba. The implemented methodology adopted a quantitative approach, using a descriptive observational design; the population under study were students from 9 to 10 years old of 5th grade B.E For data collection, an observational method was applied, using instruments such as a checklist and a survey addressed to the students. As for the analysis of the samples, the direct examination method was used together with diagnostic methods such as: Ritchie (modified) and Teleman Rivas. Through the applied methodology, it was determined that the most prevalent parasite was: Endolimax nana cyst. The use of the previously mentioned diagnostic methods allowed the identification of false negative cases, which in turn led to an increase of 30% of positive samples for parasitosis. As a result, a prevalence of parasitosis of 80% was observed in this specific population. In this context, it is concluded that the main risk factors and possible causes of parasitic infections in the institution were food prepared with poor hygiene control outside the institution, lack of hand hygiene and a cistern in unsanitary conditions. It is here where, the dissemination of results and the realization of awareness talks directed to the study population proved to be effective tools, since they helped the participants to identify the main foci of infection, thus facilitating the future prevention of these parasitosis.