Análisis sistemático de la alteración del intervalo QT inducida por macrólidos y aminoglucósidos.

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the alteration of the QT interval induced by the use of macrolides and aminoglycosides through a systematic literature review. For data collection, the electronic databases PubMed and SpringerLink were utilized, relevant keywords were employed in English, and the time frame ranged from 2017 to December 2022. In the PubMed database, 17 results were found, of which 10 met the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, while in the SpringerLink database, 38 results were found, of which 2 met the criteria; concluding that amikacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin are associated with QT interval prolongation. As for associated pathologies, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in male patients aged 62±14 years old (68%); ischemic heart disease, electrolyte imbalance, bradycardia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney and liver diseases, with African Americans having a 22% increased risk. The Drug interactions causing QT interval alterations are: clarithromycin or azithromycin with fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, associated with a higher incidence of Sjogren's syndrome; chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, as well as chloroquine and erythromycin, while prolonging the QT interval. The analysis of the collected information highlighted the need for research regarding the use of other aminoglycosides and macrolides and their impact on QT interval prolongation, specific studies on dosage, treatment duration, and the presence of other cardiac risk factors. Therefore, conducting this type of research is recommended, as well as focusing on pharmacotherapy research for coronavirus disease, taking into consideration QT interval prolongation.