Producción de biogás y bioabonos empleando un biodigestor tubular en el centro de investigación e interpretación biótica La Belleza.

Abstract

Improper manure management has a negative impact on the environment and can lead to soil degradation, water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the extreme use of synthetic fertilizers carries risks to human health and the environment due to the presence of contaminating heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this research was the biogas and biofertilizers production through a tubular biodigester implementation at Center for Biotic Research and Interpretation "La Belleza". The methodology employed had a quantitative approach, an experimental design was used manipulating dependent and independent variables; the study population and sample was 640 kg of cattle manure. The research was divided into four phases: 1. maintenance and installation of the biodigester; 2. production of biogas and biofertilizers with a retention time of 45 days; 3. efficiency of biol and biosol in coriander crops; 4. a practical guide for the use of the biodigester was developed. During the process, a daily increase of 20 ml in methane (CH4) production was recorded. This increase is mainly attributed to anaerobic digestion, which in turn led to a remarkable enrichment of the biosol nutrients with values of Phosphorus: 188.31 mg/kg; Nitrogen: 0.76 % and Potassium: 437.9 mg/kg; with a pH of 7.49. Statistical analysis showed that the treatment that significantly affected the final height of the coriander was the Biol+Biosol treatment. It is concluded that the tubular biodigester achieved a production of 2620 ml of total methane volume. This was attributed to the neutral pH during the anaerobic digestion process. These conditions favored the generation of biofertilizers with a high nutritional content, which positively influenced the development of coriander.