Elaboración de biol a partir de frutas de descarte con la utilización de un biodigestor

Abstract

An organic liquid fertilizer was prepared using discarded fruits (Orange, Tangerine and Lima) and a control treatment (Alfalfa) in order to produce liquid fertilizer with the use of a biodigester. The study was carried out at Animal Sciences Department of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. It began with the collection of discarded fruits and bovine manure to later mix them with water, yeast, molasses, whey, ash and sugar respectively, in a five-liter PVC bottle. Then, they were subjected to a phase of anaerobic decomposition for twenty days which ended in the fermentation process. It was obtained an organic fertilizer of appropriate nutritional quality to apply in a short-cycle plot such as radish (Raphanus sativus). A completely random design was applied with four repetitions and the size of the experimental unit was 0.5 kg per treatment. In the physical analysis there are no significant differences with an average pH of 5.10 and an acidity of 1.40%, while in the physicochemical analysis there are significant differences, Nitrogen 93.97 mg / L, Phosphorus 17.16 mg / L , Potassium 16.07 mg / L, Calcium 8.62 mg / L, Magnesium 8.32 mg / L, Zinc 0.87 mg / L, Copper 0.08 mg / L, in the microbiological analysis there was absence of Salmonella, E. Coli, Total Coliforms, while in molds and yeasts it presented high microbial load with 1.6x105 Ufc / ml and 2.8x104 Ufc / ml in Staphylococus aureus, the cost benefit was $ 1.56 US dollars. It Was concluded that the best treatment in the application of a radish plot was T1 (Orange) with an average of 18 cm in plant altitude at 16 days and an average of 17 cm in radish size during harvest. It is recommended to apply the fertilizer in recommended doses to avoid irreversible damage to crops.