Análisis físico-químico y microbiológico del agua para el consumo humano de la comunidad airón Cantón Chambo, Provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

The main objective of the study conducted in the community of Airón in Chambo town, Chimborazo province, was to carry out a thorough physicochemical and microbiological analysis of water intended for human consumption. Under the permission of “La Junta Administradora de Agua Potable del Cantón Airón” and following the guidelines of NTE INEN 1108:2020 "Drinking water requirements", various parameters were evaluated in the distribution network. This included physical parameters such as color, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and conductivity; chemical parameters: hardness, alkalinity, calcium, pH, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, fluorides, free residual chlorine, sulfates, phosphates, iron, ammonium; finally, microbiological parameters: NMP, membrane filtration, determination of parasites by centrifugation. The methods used, in accordance with the "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater" and the Hach Method, allowed an exhaustive analysis that included microbiological aspects such as fecal and total coliforms. In addition, specialized techniques were carried out, such as Ziehl Neelsen staining for the determination of parasites and the isolation of relevant bacteria such as active and inactive Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi A, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results revealed significant deficiencies of color averages in 25% (Pt-Co), turbidity of 25% in NTU, and an alarming 100% of samples failing to meet current standards for phosphates and iron. In microbiological terms, an evident fecal contamination was detected. In conclusion, antibiograms were used to determine the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics through the use of sensitivity discs. On the other hand, it was determined that the water in the community of Airón does not meet the microbiological standards established by NTE INEN 1108:2020-04 for human consumption. It is recommended to carry out a correct catchment in the springs, periodic controls to evaluate the quality of the water, the application of effective solutions in case of contamination, and the treatment with organic chlorine.