Determinación de residuos de antibióticos en carnes bovinas que se comercializan en la ciudad de Riobamba.

Abstract

The primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the presence or absence of antibiotic residues in meats sold in Riobamba city. In this process, the detection of antibiotics revealed five residues of veterinary drugs: penicillin G, streptomycin, sulphonamides, oxytetracycline, and tylosin. The analysed samples were taken from three parts of the carcass: muscle, liver, and kidney, sourced from eight commercial outlets (two supermarkets, three markets, and three retail shops). These samples were examined using the R-Bio pharm rapid detection test, employing the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, considered a competitive colorimetric assay that uses an antibody from the sample competing with the conjugate for antigen binding sites. The analysis results determined the presence of penicillin G residues in 19 samples (muscle: 6, liver: 8, kidney: 5), from which three belonged to supermarkets, 7 to markets, and 9 to retail shops. Streptomycin was another antibiotic detected in 8 positive samples (muscle: 3, liver: 2, kidney: 3), with three samples in markets and 5 in retail shops. Also, the research detected sulphonamide residues in 7 samples (liver: 5, kidney: 2), with 1 sample from supermarkets, one from retail shops, and five from markets. The Oxytetracycline detection reported five positive samples (muscle: 1, liver: 1, kidney: 3), with three samples from markets and two from retail shops. The Tylosin detection reported residues in 7 samples (liver: 3, kidney: 4), with four samples from markets and three from retail shops. Thus, the consumption of meat in Riobamba city is considered safe according to the quantitative analysis conducted and compared with the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) established by the Codex Alimentarius, indicating that none of the samples exceeded the permissible limits set by the standard.